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English · हिन्दी · తెలుగు · தமிழ் · മലയാളം · मराठी · ಕನ್ನಡ

Fundamental Rights

Fundamental Rights for UPSC Prelims and Mains, taught in 4 parts. Each part has tables, exam traps, a recap and practice questions, and every paragraph is explained in Malayalam.

Quick recap: Quick recap: Fundamental Rights on one page

All four parts of Fundamental Rights condensed for quick revision: the six rights, the key articles, cases and amendments, a one-table overview and eight mixed questions.

Parts of this chapter

Part 1

Foundations and the Right to Equality (Articles 12–18)

What Fundamental Rights are, who can claim them, what counts as 'the State', how courts strike down laws, and the Right to Equality in Articles 14 to 18, including reservations. Part 2

The Right to Freedom (Articles 19–22)

The six freedoms of Article 19 and their limits, protection in criminal cases (Article 20), the right to life and personal liberty and how courts expanded it (Article 21), the right to education (Article 21A), and safeguards on arrest and preventive detention (Article 22). Part 3

Exploitation, Religion, Culture and Education (Articles 23–30)

The Right against Exploitation (Articles 23–24), the Right to Freedom of Religion and what Indian secularism means (Articles 25–28), and the Cultural and Educational Rights of minorities and other groups (Articles 29–30). Part 4

Enforcement, Emergencies and Amendments (Articles 31–35 and beyond)

How Fundamental Rights are enforced (Articles 32 and 226, the five writs, public interest litigation), when they can be limited (Articles 33–35 and 359), how far Parliament can amend them, what happened to the right to property, and how they relate to the Directive Principles.

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