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Industry today: measurement, MSMEs and manufacturing policy

मराठीत स्पष्टीकरण

Industry and infrastructure · Part 2 / 3 · Fact-checked on · how we check

Written with AI from the sources listed at the bottom of this page, then fact-checked by a separate AI.

How the Index of Industrial Production and the Index of Core Industries are compiled and what their 2022-23 base revision changed, how MSMEs are defined (2020 and 2025 criteria, Udyam) and supported (45-day rule, CGTMSE, TReDS, dereservation), Make in India and the Jan Vishwas Act, the production-linked incentive scheme, export processing and special economic zones, industrial corridors and Startup India.

Each idea is explained first in Marathi (मराठी), ending with the English and Hindi exam terms, followed by the same point in exam English. UPSC Prelims is in English or Hindi, so understand it in Marathi and revise it in English.

पहिल्या भागात सरकार परवान्यांपासून मागे हटले. हा भाग आजचा उद्योग: दर महिन्याला उत्पादन कसे मोजतात, सर्वाधिक लोकांना काम देणाऱ्या लहान उद्योगांना सरकार काय मदत करते, नवी धोरणे काय करतात. 2014 पासून 'अडथळे काढणे' ऐवजी 'कारखाने बोलावून आणणे' याकडे बदल. कारण 1991 नंतर सेवा क्षेत्र वेगाने वाढले, पण उत्पादन क्षेत्राचा वाटा फारसा वाढला नाही — दार उघडे ठेवूनही पाहुणा आला नाही तर पुढे जाऊन बोलावतात तसे. (→ English: Make in India · manufacturing · हिन्दी: मेक इन इंडिया · विनिर्माण)

In exam EnglishPart 1 showed how the state stepped back from licensing industry. This part looks at industry as it stands now: how its output is measured each month, how the government defines and supports the small firms that employ most industrial workers, and what newer policies try to do. Since 2014 the emphasis has moved from removing controls to actively encouraging manufacturing, through Make in India, incentives tied to output and special zones and corridors. The common thread is a question the 1991 reforms left open: India's services grew fast after liberalisation, but manufacturing's share of the economy did not rise much, so policy now tries to pull factories in rather than merely let them in.

औद्योगिक उत्पादन निर्देशांक दर महिन्याला कारखान्यांचे उत्पादन किती बदलले ते सांगतो — एक आधार वर्ष 100 मानून तुलना. सांख्यिकी मंत्रालयाखालील राष्ट्रीय सांख्यिकी कार्यालय तो तयार करते. 2026 मध्ये आधार वर्ष 2011-12 वरून 2022-23 झाले. का? जुन्या किराणा यादीत आता कोणी न घेणाऱ्या वस्तू असतील तर हिशोब चुकतो — नव्या वस्तू घालायच्या, जुन्या काढायच्या. यात उत्पादन क्षेत्राचा वाटा सुमारे तीन-चतुर्थांश; खाणकाम, वीज, नव्याने गॅस, पाणीपुरवठा. भांडवली वस्तू, ग्राहक वस्तू अशा गटांनुसारही येतो. (→ English: Index of Industrial Production · base year · हिन्दी: औद्योगिक उत्पादन सूचकांक · आधार वर्ष)

In exam EnglishThe Index of Industrial Production (IIP) measures how the physical volume of industrial output changes from month to month, compared with a base year set at 100. It is compiled by the National Statistics Office under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation. In 2026 its base year was revised from 2011-12 to 2022-23, with the first new-series figures covering April 2026; a newer base matters because the basket of products and their weights should reflect what factories make today, so items that have faded away are dropped and new ones added. The index is built from sectors, chiefly mining, manufacturing and electricity, with manufacturing carrying roughly three-quarters of the weight, and the new series also covers gas and water supply. It is also published by use-based groups such as capital goods, intermediate goods and consumer goods, which tell analysts whether firms are investing or households are spending.

प्रमुख उद्योग निर्देशांक लहान, पण आधी येणारे माप. बराच काळ आठ: कोळसा, कच्चे तेल, नैसर्गिक वायू, शुद्धीकरण उत्पादने, खते, पोलाद, सिमेंट, वीज. जुलै 2026 च्या नव्या मालिकेत लोहखनिज जोडले, नऊ झाले. हे उद्योग इतरांना इंधन, कच्चा माल देतात — स्वयंपाकघरात तांदूळ, तेल संपले की स्वयंपाक थांबतो तसे, हे घटले की नंतर कारखाने मंदावतात. औद्योगिक निर्देशांकात यांचा वाटा सुमारे एक-तृतीयांश (नव्यात 32.88, जुन्यात 40.27 टक्के). आधी प्रसिद्ध होत असल्याने आगाऊ संकेत म्हणून पाहतात. (→ English: core industries · हिन्दी: प्रमुख उद्योग)

In exam EnglishA narrower monthly measure is the Index of core industries, compiled by the Office of the Economic Adviser in the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade. For years it tracked eight industries: coal, crude oil, natural gas, refinery products, fertilisers, steel, cement and electricity. The revised series with base 2022-23, released from July 2026, adds iron ore, making nine. These industries supply energy and basic materials to the rest of the economy, so a slowdown in them usually shows up later in factories that depend on them. Their combined weight in the IIP is about a third (32.88 per cent in the new series, against 40.27 per cent in the old one). Because the core index comes out before the IIP for the same month, it is watched as an early signal of where industrial output is heading.

सूक्ष्म, लघु आणि मध्यम उद्योग म्हणजे आपल्या गावातल्या कार्यशाळा, लहान कारखाने, दुरुस्तीची दुकाने. मोठ्या प्रकल्पापेक्षा एका रुपयाच्या भांडवलामागे कितीतरी जास्त लोकांना काम देतात, मोठ्या कंपन्यांना सुटे भाग पुरवतात. कायदा: 2006 चा MSMED कायदा — पहिल्यांदा मध्यम आणि सेवा उद्योगांना एकाच कायद्यात आणले, राष्ट्रीय मंडळ स्थापले. आधी फक्त यंत्रांतील गुंतवणूक हे माप. अडचण: मर्यादा ओलांडली की लाभ जातात, म्हणून अनेक जण लहानच राहिले किंवा एका युनिटचे चार तुकडे केले. (→ English: micro, small and medium enterprises · MSMED Act, 2006 · हिन्दी: सूक्ष्म, लघु और मध्यम उद्यम · एमएसएमईडी अधिनियम, 2006)

In exam Englishmicro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are the broad base of Indian industry: workshops, small factories, repair and service units spread across towns and villages. They matter because they employ far more people per rupee of capital than large plants, and they supply parts to big manufacturers. Their legal framework is the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006, which for the first time brought medium enterprises and service firms into one law and set up a National Board for MSMEs. The Act originally classified firms only by investment in plant and machinery, with lower limits for service firms, which measured investment in equipment. That rule created a familiar problem: a firm that grew past the limit lost its benefits, so many preferred to stay small or split into several units.

1 जुलै 2020 पासून नवे माप: गुंतवणूक आणि वार्षिक उलाढाल — दोन्ही मर्यादेत असतील तरच तो गट; उत्पादन आणि सेवांसाठी एकच नियम. 1 एप्रिल 2025 पासून मर्यादा पुन्हा वाढल्या (तक्ता पाहा), त्यामुळे दर्जा न गमावता वाढता येते. निर्यात उलाढालीत धरत नाहीत — परदेशात विकले तर शिक्षा नाही. जुलै 2020 पासून उद्यम पोर्टलवर ऑनलाइन, मोफत, स्वयंघोषणेने, PAN, GST तपशिलासह नोंदणी. तो उद्यम क्रमांक म्हणजे सूक्ष्म, लघु आणि मध्यम उद्योग योजनांची किल्ली. (→ English: micro, small and medium enterprises · Udyam registration · हिन्दी: सूक्ष्म, लघु और मध्यम उद्यम · उद्यम पंजीकरण)

In exam EnglishFrom 1 July 2020 the classification was changed to a composite test of investment and annual turnover, applied in the same way to manufacturing and service enterprises. A firm counts in a category only if it is within both limits. The limits were raised again from 1 April 2025, as the table shows, so that firms can grow larger without losing their status. Exports are left out when turnover is counted, which removes any penalty for selling abroad. Registration was simplified at the same time: since July 2020 an enterprise registers online on the Udyam portal, free of charge and on self-declaration, using its PAN and GST details, and the resulting Udyam number is the gateway to most government schemes for micro, small and medium enterprises.
Classification of MSMEs (Rs crore; an enterprise must be within both limits)
CategoryInvestment, from 1 July 2020Turnover, from 1 July 2020Investment, from 1 April 2025Turnover, from 1 April 2025
MicroUp to 1Up to 5Up to 2.5Up to 10
SmallUp to 10Up to 50Up to 25Up to 100
MediumUp to 50Up to 250Up to 125Up to 500

लहान उद्योगांच्या खऱ्या अडचणींवर मदत. एक: मोठा खरेदीदार पैसे उशिरा देतो — कायद्यानुसार 45 दिवसांपेक्षा जास्त नाही, ओलांडले तर RBI बँक दराच्या तिप्पट चक्रवाढ व्याज; वादांसाठी राज्यस्तरीय परिषदा. दोन: तारणाशिवाय कर्जासाठी 2000 मध्ये सरकार आणि SIDBI ने स्थापलेल्या CGTMSE ची हमी. तीन: TReDS — मोठ्या कंपनीकडून येणे असलेले बिल लिलावात वित्तपुरवठादाराला विकून आधीच पैसे घेता येतात. MSME कर्जे बँकांच्या प्राधान्य क्षेत्र कर्ज हिशोबात धरतात. लहान युनिटसाठी वस्तूंचे आरक्षण 2015 मध्ये पूर्ण संपले. (→ English: priority sector lending · TReDS · हिन्दी: प्राथमिकता प्राप्त क्षेत्र उधार · ट्रेड्स)

In exam EnglishSeveral forms of support aim at the problems small firms actually face. The first is late payment by large buyers: under the MSMED Act a buyer must pay a micro or small supplier within the agreed period, which cannot exceed 45 days, or pay compound interest at three times the RBI's bank rate, and disputes go to state-level Micro and Small Enterprises Facilitation Councils. The second is collateral: the Credit Guarantee Fund Trust for Micro and Small Enterprises (CGTMSE), set up in 2000 by the government and SIDBI, guarantees loans given without security. The third is working capital: the Trade Receivables Discounting System (TReDS), a set of online platforms regulated by the RBI, lets an MSME sell its unpaid bills from large buyers to financiers at auction. Lending to MSMEs also counts towards banks' priority sector lending. Meanwhile the old system of reserving products for small units was wound down, and the last items were dereserved in 2015.

मेक इन इंडिया 25 सप्टेंबर 2014 ला सुरू झाले: गुंतवणूक आकर्षित करणे, नवोन्मेष, बौद्धिक संपदेचे संरक्षण, उत्पादन पायाभूत सुविधा — भारताला जागतिक उत्पादन केंद्र बनवणे हे ध्येय. नव्या पैशापेक्षा सोप्या नियमांतून: ऑनलाइन मंजुरी, एक खिडकी, स्वयंचलित मार्गाने अधिक FDI, राज्यांची क्रमवारी. आणखी एक पाऊल: छोट्या चुकीसाठी तुरुंगाची भीती काढणे. 2023 च्या जन विश्वास कायद्याने 42 केंद्रीय कायद्यांतील 183 तरतुदी बदलून तुरुंगाऐवजी दंड ठेवला. कल्पना करा, एका छोट्या खानावळीने विवरणपत्र उशिरा भरले — फौजदारी खटला नव्हे, दंड भरला की पुरे. (→ English: Make in India · decriminalisation · हिन्दी: मेक इन इंडिया · अपराधमुक्तीकरण)

In exam EnglishMake in India, launched on 25 September 2014, was a campaign to bring more of the world's factory work to India. It named a set of focus sectors and promised investors smoother approvals, support for innovation, protection for their patents and designs, and better industrial infrastructure. It worked less through new money than through easier rules: online approvals, single-window clearances, more FDI through the automatic route, and the ranking of states on business reforms. A related step is decriminalisation. Many economic laws once threatened jail for minor procedural lapses, which deterred honest businesses and clogged courts. The Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act, 2023 amended 183 provisions in 42 central Acts, replacing imprisonment with fines or penalties for many such offences. Suppose a small food business files a return late: the aim is that it pays a penalty rather than faces criminal prosecution.

उत्पादन संलग्न प्रोत्साहन म्हणजे 'काम केले तर मजुरी' सारखे: जितके जास्त बनवून विकाल तितके बक्षीस. 2020 मध्ये मोबाइल फोन, इलेक्ट्रॉनिक्स, औषधांचा कच्चा माल, वैद्यकीय उपकरणे यांपासून सुरू. 2021-22 अर्थसंकल्पाने 13 क्षेत्रांसाठी (नंतर 14), पाच वर्षांत सुमारे ₹1.97 लाख कोटी जाहीर केले: वाहने, बॅटरी, वस्त्रोद्योग, अन्नप्रक्रिया, विशेष पोलाद, सौर मॉड्यूल, दूरसंचार, ड्रोन इत्यादी. निवडलेल्या कंपनीला आधार वर्षापेक्षा वाढलेल्या विक्रीवर काही टक्के रोख, किमान गुंतवणूक आणि उत्पादन लक्ष्य गाठले तरच. उत्पादन नाही तर प्रोत्साहन नाही. (→ English: production-linked incentive · incremental sales · हिन्दी: उत्पादन से जुड़ा प्रोत्साहन · वृद्धिशील बिक्री)

In exam EnglishThe production-linked incentive (PLI) scheme marks the shift from removing obstacles to paying for results. It began in 2020 with large-scale electronics manufacturing, especially mobile phones, and with pharmaceutical inputs and medical devices. The Union Budget 2021-22 then announced PLI schemes for 13 key sectors, later 14, with a total outlay of about Rs 1.97 lakh crore over five years; the sectors include automobiles and auto components, advanced chemistry cell batteries, textiles, food processing, specialty steel, solar modules, white goods, telecom equipment and drones. The design is simple: a selected firm receives a cash incentive, a percentage of its incremental sales of manufactured goods over a base year, for a fixed number of years, provided it meets minimum investment and output targets. No output, no incentive.

उत्पादन संलग्न प्रोत्साहन योजनेची उद्दिष्टे: जागतिक दर्जाचे कारखाने, पुरवठा साखळी बदलणाऱ्या परदेशी कंपन्यांना आकर्षित करणे, आयात कमी करणे, निर्यात, रोजगार. मोबाइल फोनमध्ये भारत मोठा आयातदार ते मोठा निर्यातदार झाला. टीका: फोनमध्ये बहुतेक काम आयात सुट्या भागांची जुळवणी — बाहेरून आलेल्या तुकड्यांनी खेळणे जोडल्यासारखे, इथे जोडलेले मूल्य कमी. फायदा बहुतांश मोठ्या कंपन्यांनाच; लक्ष्ये न गाठल्याने अनेक क्षेत्रांत दिलेली रक्कम नियोजनापेक्षा कमी. प्रोत्साहन संपल्यावर स्पर्धा टिकेल का हा प्रश्न. (→ English: production-linked incentive · domestic value addition · हिन्दी: उत्पादन से जुड़ा प्रोत्साहन · घरेलू मूल्य वर्धन)

In exam EnglishThe aims of the production-linked incentive scheme are to build factories at global scale, attract global manufacturers who are diversifying their supply chains, cut imports of key goods, raise exports and create jobs. Its clearest success is mobile phones, where India moved from being a large importer to a major exporter. The scheme also draws criticism. In some sectors, such as phones, much of the work is assembly of imported components, so domestic value addition is low compared with the value of sales. The benefits go mostly to large firms able to make big investments, and in several sectors actual payouts have run below the planned outlay because firms did not meet their targets. The scheme is also time-bound, which raises the question of whether firms will stay competitive once the incentives end.

विशेष क्षेत्रे हे जुने साधन. 1965 मध्ये कांडला येथे आशियातील पहिले निर्यात प्रक्रिया क्षेत्र — कुंपण घातलेला भाग, उत्पादन निर्यात केले तर कच्चा माल शुल्काशिवाय आयात. 2000 च्या धोरणाने त्यांना विशेष आर्थिक क्षेत्र मॉडेलमध्ये बदलले, 2005 च्या कायद्याने कायदेशीर आधार दिला. व्यापारासाठी हे देशाच्या सीमाशुल्क हद्दीबाहेर असल्यासारखे: शुल्कमुक्त कच्चा माल, सोप्या प्रक्रिया, सुरुवातीला प्राप्तिकर सवलत (नव्या युनिटसाठी नंतर बंद). टीका: गमावलेला महसूल, घेऊनही न वापरलेली जमीन, नवे काम न येता बाहेरची युनिट आत सरकणे. (→ English: special economic zone · export processing zone · हिन्दी: विशेष आर्थिक क्षेत्र · निर्यात प्रसंस्करण क्षेत्र)

In exam EnglishSpecial zones are an older tool for the same goal. India set up Asia's first export processing zone at Kandla in 1965, an enclosed area where firms could import inputs duty-free if they exported their output. A policy announced in 2000 converted such zones into the special economic zone (SEZ) model, and the Special Economic Zones Act, 2005 gave it a legal base. An SEZ is treated as outside India's customs territory for trade purposes: units can import and buy inputs free of duty, enjoy simpler procedures and, under the original scheme, received income tax holidays, which were later phased out for new units. The zones attracted investment, but critics pointed to the revenue lost, the land acquired for zones that remained unused, and the pull of firms from the domestic tariff area into zones rather than genuinely new activity.

औद्योगिक कॉरिडॉर म्हणजे एका मोठ्या वाहतूक कण्याच्या — मालवाहू रेल्वेमार्ग किंवा महामार्ग — बाजूने नियोजित औद्योगिक शहरे, वीज, पाणी, लॉजिस्टिक पार्क, बंदरे यांसह. जपानच्या सहकार्याने दिल्ली–मुंबई कॉरिडॉर पहिला; आता राष्ट्रीय औद्योगिक कॉरिडॉर विकास महामंडळ देशभरातील कॉरिडॉर पाहते. दुसऱ्या टोकाला स्टार्टअप इंडिया (जानेवारी 2016): DPIIT मान्यताप्राप्त स्टार्टअपला सोपे अनुपालन, कमी शुल्कात जलद पेटंट, SIDBI चालवत असलेला फंड ऑफ फंड्स, अटी पूर्ण केल्यास कर सवलत. कॉरिडॉर जमीन आणि सुविधा देतो, स्टार्टअप नवी कल्पना आणतो. (→ English: industrial corridor · Startup India · हिन्दी: औद्योगिक गलियारा · स्टार्टअप इंडिया)

In exam EnglishIndustrial corridors try to plan industry together with the infrastructure it needs. A corridor runs along a major transport spine, usually a dedicated freight corridor or highway, and links planned industrial cities with power, water, logistics parks and ports. The Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor, developed with support from Japan, was the first, and a National Industrial Corridor Development Corporation now oversees a set of corridors across the country. At the other end of the scale is Startup India, launched in January 2016: a firm recognised by DPIIT as a startup gets easier compliance, faster patent processing at lower fees, access to a Fund of Funds for Startups managed by SIDBI, and, if it meets the conditions, a tax holiday. The two ideas complement each other: corridors provide land and infrastructure, while startups bring new firms and new technologies.
Tools to promote manufacturing
ToolBeganHow it worksMain criticism
Special economic zonesEPZ at Kandla 1965; SEZ Act 2005Duty-free inputs and simpler rules in a zone treated as outside the customs territoryRevenue lost, unused land, firms shifting in from outside
Make in India25 September 2014Easier rules, single-window clearances, more FDI through the automatic routeManufacturing's share rose little
Startup IndiaJanuary 2016DPIIT recognition, easier compliance, Fund of Funds through SIDBI, tax holiday for eligible firmsMost benefits depend on recognition and meeting conditions
Production-linked incentive2020; 13 sectors announced in Budget 2021-22Cash incentive on incremental sales over a base yearLow domestic value addition in assembly; payouts below plan

एकूण तीन पातळ्या: दर महिन्याला उत्पादन मोजणे (औद्योगिक निर्देशांक, प्रमुख उद्योग निर्देशांक — दोन्ही 2022-23 आधारावर); सूक्ष्म, लघु आणि मध्यम उद्योग यांचे संरक्षण — नवी व्याख्या, 45 दिवसांत पैसे, कर्ज हमी, बिल सवलत; मोठे उत्पादन बोलावून आणणे — मेक इन इंडिया, उत्पादन संलग्न प्रोत्साहन, विशेष क्षेत्रे, कॉरिडॉर. प्रत्येक योजनेसाठी एकच प्रश्न: खरेच नवे, स्पर्धाक्षम उत्पादन आले का, की आहे तेच इकडून तिकडे हलवले? तिसरा भाग: या सगळ्याचा पाया असलेल्या पायाभूत सुविधा आणि त्यांचा वित्तपुरवठा. (→ English: micro, small and medium enterprises · production-linked incentive · हिन्दी: सूक्ष्म, लघु और मध्यम उद्यम · उत्पादन से जुड़ा प्रोत्साहन)

In exam EnglishPut together, today's industrial policy works on three levels. It measures output each month through the IIP and the core index, both now on a 2022-23 base. It protects and finances the broad base of micro, small and medium enterprises through a composite definition, prompt payment rules, credit guarantees and bill discounting. And it tries to pull in large-scale manufacturing through Make in India, the PLI scheme, special zones and corridors. The common question for each tool is the same: does it create new, competitive production, or does it only move existing activity around or subsidise what would have happened anyway? Part 3 turns to the infrastructure on which all of this depends, and to the ways it is financed.

Exam traps

Recap

Practice questions

Q1. The Index of Core Industries in India is compiled by:

  1. the Office of the Economic Adviser, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade
  2. the National Statistics Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation
  3. the Reserve Bank of India
  4. NITI Aayog
Show answer

Answer: A. the Office of the Economic Adviser, Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade

The core index is compiled by the Office of the Economic Adviser in DPIIT. The NSO compiles the IIP, not the core index; the RBI and NITI Aayog compile neither.

Q2. Consider the following statements:
1. In its series with base 2022-23, the Index of Core Industries covers nine industries, including iron ore.
2. The core industries together carry more than half of the weight in the Index of Industrial Production.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer

Answer: A. 1 only

Statement 1 is correct: iron ore was added to the earlier eight. Statement 2 is wrong: their combined weight is about a third (32.88 per cent in the new series; 40.27 per cent in the old). So '2 only', 'Both' and 'Neither' are wrong.

Q3. Under the MSME classification in force from 1 April 2025, a manufacturing enterprise with investment in plant and machinery of Rs 20 crore and annual turnover of Rs 80 crore is classified as:

  1. Micro
  2. Small
  3. Medium
  4. Not an MSME
Show answer

Answer: B. Small

The small limits are investment up to Rs 25 crore and turnover up to Rs 100 crore, and the firm is within both. It is not micro, because both its figures exceed Rs 2.5 crore and Rs 10 crore; it does not need the medium limits (Rs 125 crore and Rs 500 crore); and it is clearly an MSME.

Q4. With reference to micro, small and medium enterprises, consider the following statements:
1. Turnover from exports is counted when classifying an enterprise.
2. The same investment and turnover limits apply to manufacturing and service enterprises.
3. A buyer must pay a micro or small supplier within the agreed period, which cannot exceed 45 days.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 2 and 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3
Show answer

Answer: B. 2 and 3 only

Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Statement 1 is wrong: exports are excluded from turnover so that selling abroad does not push a firm out of its category. So every option containing statement 1 is wrong.

Q5. Consider the following statements about the production-linked incentive scheme:
1. The incentive is linked to a firm's incremental sales of manufactured goods over a base year.
2. The incentive is paid as a lump sum when a firm announces an investment, whether or not it produces.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer

Answer: A. 1 only

Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is wrong: payment depends on meeting minimum investment and output targets and is made on incremental sales; no output means no incentive. So '2 only', 'Both' and 'Neither' are wrong.

Q6. Match List I with List II:
List I
A. Make in India
B. Startup India
C. Special Economic Zones Act
D. Jan Vishwas (Amendment of Provisions) Act
List II (year)
1. 2016
2. 2014
3. 2023
4. 2005
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

  1. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
  2. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
  3. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
  4. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
Show answer

Answer: A. A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

Make in India 2014, Startup India 2016, SEZ Act 2005, Jan Vishwas Act 2023: A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3. The second option swaps Make in India and Startup India; the third swaps the two Acts; the fourth gives Startup India the SEZ Act's year.

Q7. Asia's first export processing zone was set up in 1965 at:

  1. Kandla
  2. Santacruz
  3. Kochi
  4. Noida
Show answer

Answer: A. Kandla

The Kandla zone of 1965 was the first in Asia. Santacruz, Kochi and Noida also had export zones, but they came later and were not the first.

Q8. The Trade Receivables Discounting System (TReDS) is:

  1. a set of RBI-regulated online platforms on which MSMEs sell their unpaid bills from large buyers to financiers
  2. a trust that guarantees collateral-free loans to micro and small enterprises
  3. the online portal on which enterprises register as MSMEs
  4. a tax incentive for startups recognised by DPIIT
Show answer

Answer: A. a set of RBI-regulated online platforms on which MSMEs sell their unpaid bills from large buyers to financiers

TReDS lets an MSME turn its receivables into cash by auctioning them to financiers. The guarantee trust is CGTMSE; the registration portal is Udyam; the startup tax holiday belongs to Startup India.

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Sources