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Drainage of India

Drainage of India for UPSC Prelims and Mains, taught in 4 parts. Each part has tables, exam traps, a recap and practice questions, and every paragraph is explained in Malayalam.

Quick recap: Quick recap: the drainage of India on one page

All four parts condensed for quick revision: drainage patterns and the Indus; the Ganga and Brahmaputra; the peninsular rivers; and lakes and the management of river water.

Parts of this chapter

Part 1

Drainage patterns and the Indus system

What drainage basins and water divides are; the dendritic, trellis, rectangular, radial and centripetal patterns; Himalayan and peninsular rivers compared and the antecedent rivers; the Indus and its tributaries the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas and Satluj, with the projects on them; and the Indus Waters Treaty of 1960 and its abeyance in 2025.
Part 2

The Ganga and Brahmaputra systems

The headstreams of the Ganga and the five prayags; its course to the Padma and the Sundarbans delta; its left-bank and right-bank tributaries, including the Kosi, the Yamuna with the Chambal, the Son and the Damodar; the Brahmaputra from Tibet through Assam with its tributaries; and the canals, dams, floods, silt and pollution of the northern rivers.
Part 3

Peninsular rivers

What the peninsular rivers share; the Mahanadi with the Brahmani, Baitarani and Subarnarekha; the Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri with their tributaries and projects; the smaller Pennar, Palar and Vaigai; the west-flowing Narmada, Tapi, Sabarmati, Mahi and Luni; the short Western Ghats rivers; and the main waterfalls.
Part 4

Lakes and river-water management

How lakes form and the lakes the exam asks about; river interlinking and the Ken-Betwa link; Article 262, the 1956 Act and the water tribunals; India's river treaties with its neighbours; and the uses and care of rivers.

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