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English · हिन्दी · తెలుగు · தமிழ் · മലയാളം · मराठी · ಕನ್ನಡ

Employment policy: the rural job guarantee, labour codes and schemes

తెలుగులో వివరణ

Poverty and unemployment · Part 3 / 2 · Fact-checked on · how we check

Written with AI from the sources listed at the bottom of this page, then fact-checked by a separate AI.

MGNREGA (2005): the legal right to 100 days of work on demand, the 15-day rule and unemployment allowance, social audit and cost sharing; its replacement by the VB-G RAM G Act, 2025 (in force 1 July 2026) with 125 days, a seasonal pause, normative allocation and 60:40 sharing; the four labour codes in force from 21 November 2025; DAY-NRLM and self-help groups, PMEGP, PMKVY and the PM Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana.

Each idea is explained first in Telugu (తెలుగు), ending with the English and Hindi exam terms, followed by the same point in exam English. UPSC Prelims is in English or Hindi, so understand it in Telugu and revise it in English.

రెండో భాగంలో పని ఎలా లెక్కిస్తారో చూశాం. ఇప్పుడు ప్రభుత్వం ఏం చేస్తోంది అన్నది. మొదటిది ఊళ్లలో కూలి పనికి చట్టబద్ధమైన హామీ — 2005 చట్టం, దాని స్థానంలో 2025 కొత్త చట్టం. తర్వాత నాలుగు కార్మిక నియమాల పుస్తకాలు, చివరగా సొంత వ్యాపారం, నైపుణ్యం, ఉద్యోగాల కోసం పథకాలు. ఆకలి వేసిన వాడికి పని ఇవ్వడం, పని నేర్పడం, పనిచేసే వాడికి రక్షణ — మూడూ ఇక్కడే. (→ English: employment guarantee · हिन्दी: रोज़गार गारंटी)

In exam EnglishPart 2 showed how India measures work and why unemployment takes many forms; this part looks at what the state does about it. The largest response has been a legal guarantee of rural wage work: the employment guarantee law of 2005, which for twenty years gave every rural household a right to work on demand, and the 2025 law that replaced it from July 2026. Alongside it sit the four labour codes, which rewrote the rules on wages, industrial relations, social security and workplace safety, and a set of schemes that promote self-employment, skills and formal hiring.

ఇంతకుముందు పథకాల్లో డబ్బు ఉన్నంతవరకే పని. 2005 చట్టంతో పని ఒక హక్కు అయింది — అడిగితే ఇవ్వాల్సిందే, ఇవ్వకపోతే ప్రభుత్వం జవాబు చెప్పాలి. 2006 ఫిబ్రవరి 2న 200 జిల్లాల్లో మొదలై, 2008కి అన్ని గ్రామీణ జిల్లాలకు వచ్చింది; 2009లో మహాత్మా గాంధీ పేరు. పెద్దలు శారీరక కూలి పనికి ముందుకొస్తే ప్రతి గ్రామీణ కుటుంబానికి ఏడాదికి కనీసం 100 రోజుల పని. పని లేని కాలంలో ఆదాయం, పట్నాలకు వలస తగ్గడం, ఊళ్లో చెరువులు, రోడ్లు — ఇదీ ఉద్దేశం. (→ English: MGNREGA · हिन्दी: मनरेगा)

In exam EnglishThe National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 turned rural work from a scheme into a legal right. Earlier wage employment programmes offered work only as far as their funds allowed; the Act made the state answerable when work was not given. It came into force on 2 February 2006 in 200 districts, reached all rural districts in 2008 and was renamed the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in 2009. Every rural household whose adult members volunteered for unskilled manual work was entitled to at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year. The guarantee was meant to give a floor income in the lean season, slow distress migration to cities and create useful assets, such as ponds and roads, in the villages themselves.

ఎలా పని చేసేదంటే: కుటుంబం నమోదు చేసుకుంటే జాబ్ కార్డు. పని అడిగిన 15 రోజుల్లో పని ఇవ్వాలి, లేకపోతే రాష్ట్రం నిరుద్యోగ భృతి ఇవ్వాలి — మొదటి 30 రోజులు కూలీలో పావు వంతు, తర్వాత సగం. ఇంటి నుంచి 5 కి.మీ. లోపల పని, దూరమైతే 10 శాతం ఎక్కువ కూలీ. కనీసం మూడో వంతు మహిళలు. ఏ పని చేయాలో గ్రామసభలో నిర్ణయం — చెరువు పూడిక, నీటి సంరక్షణ, భూమి చదును, ఊరి రోడ్లు. (→ English: Gram Sabha · unemployment allowance · हिन्दी: ग्राम सभा · बेरोज़गारी भत्ता)

In exam EnglishThe right was demand-driven. A household registered and received a job card; an adult who applied for work had to be given it within 15 days, failing which the state government paid an unemployment allowance of at least a quarter of the wage rate for the first 30 days and at least half for the rest of the year. Work was to be provided within 5 km of the worker's home, or else paid 10 per cent extra to cover travel. At least one-third of the beneficiaries were to be women. Wage rates were notified by the Centre, and wages were due weekly or within a fortnight. Works were chosen in the Gram Sabha, and at least half of them by cost were carried out by gram panchayats, with priority to water conservation, drought proofing, land development and rural roads.

సామాజిక తనిఖీ అంటే — ఊరి పనికి ఖర్చయిన డబ్బును ఊరివాళ్లే గ్రామసభలో బహిరంగంగా లెక్క చూడటం: హాజరు పట్టీ, కూలీ చెల్లింపులు, చేసిన పని నిజంగా ఉందా. ఇంటి పెళ్లి ఖర్చు ఇంట్లో అందరి ముందు చదివి వినిపించినట్టు. ఖర్చులో కూలి పూర్తిగా, సామగ్రిలో ముప్పావు కేంద్రానిది; మిగతా పావు, భృతి రాష్ట్రానిది. ఖర్చులో కనీసం 60 శాతం కూలీకే — యంత్రాలు, కాంట్రాక్టర్ల పని కాకుండా మనుషులకు పని. (→ English: social audit · हिन्दी: सामाजिक लेखापरीक्षा)

In exam EnglishTwo further features made the Act distinctive. Section 17 required the Gram Sabha to conduct regular social audits of all works in the panchayat: villagers examine muster rolls, payments and the works themselves in an open meeting. And the Centre carried most of the cost: all of the unskilled wages and three-fourths of the material cost, including the wages of skilled and semi-skilled workers, while states paid the remaining quarter of the material cost and the unemployment allowance. At gram panchayat level, wages had to make up at least 60 per cent of the cost of works, which kept the programme labour-intensive rather than a construction scheme run with machines and contractors.

కరవు ఏడాదుల్లో, 2020-21 కోవిడ్ లాక్‌డౌన్‌లో పట్నాల నుంచి తిరిగొచ్చిన వలస కూలీలకు ఇదే ఆధారమైంది — వర్షం లేని రోజుల్లో గొడుగులా. ఇటీవలి సంవత్సరాల్లో పని దినాల్లో సగానికి పైగా మహిళలవే. కానీ లోపాలూ ఉన్నాయి: కూలీ ఆలస్యం, కొన్ని రాష్ట్రాల కనీస వేతనం కంటే తక్కువ కూలీ, నాసిరకం ఆస్తులు, ఏడాది మధ్యలోనే నిధులు అయిపోవడం. ఈ ఫిర్యాదులే కొత్త చట్టం చర్చకు దారితీశాయి. (→ English: safety net · हिन्दी: सुरक्षा जाल)

In exam EnglishIn practice the guarantee worked as a safety net. Demand for work rose in drought years, and it rose sharply in 2020-21, when migrant workers returned to their villages during the Covid-19 lockdown and the programme became a main source of income for many of them. Women came to account for more than half of the person-days of work generated in recent years. Its weak points were well known too: wages paid late, notified wage rates below the minimum wages of some states, assets of uneven quality, and funds that often ran short before the year ended, so that work was rationed despite the promise of employment on demand. These complaints, and the question of who should bear the cost, framed the debate over its replacement.

2005 చట్టం స్థానంలో 2025లో వికసిత్ భారత్ — జి రామ్ జి చట్టం వచ్చింది. పార్లమెంటు 2025 డిసెంబర్ 18న ఆమోదించింది, రాష్ట్రపతి డిసెంబర్ 21న సంతకం చేశారు; 2026 జూలై 1 నుంచి అమలు, అదే రోజు పాత ఉపాధి హామీ చట్టం రద్దు. ఇప్పుడు ఏడాదికి 100 కాదు, 125 రోజుల పని; కూలీ వారానికోసారి లేదా 15 రోజుల్లో. విత్తనాలు, కోతల రద్దీ కాలంలో 60 రోజుల వరకు ఈ పని ఆపుతారు — అప్పుడు రైతులకు కూలీలు దొరకాలి కదా. (→ English: VB-G RAM G Act, 2025 · हिन्दी: वीबी-जी राम जी अधिनियम, 2025)

In exam EnglishParliament replaced the 2005 Act with the Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act, 2025, known as VB-G RAM G. Both Houses passed the Bill on 18 December 2025 and the President gave assent on 21 December 2025. The Ministry of Rural Development then notified 1 July 2026 as the date on which the new Act came into force and MGNREGA, with the rules and schemes made under it, stood repealed. The guarantee rises from 100 to 125 days of wage work per rural household in a financial year, and wages are due weekly or within 15 days of the work. States notify a pause of up to 60 days a year in the peak sowing and harvesting seasons, when no work is taken up, so that farms do not lose labour when they need it most.

పాత చట్టంలో ఎంతమంది పని అడిగితే అంత డబ్బు కేంద్రం ఇవ్వాలి — తెరిచిన కుళాయిలా. కొత్త చట్టంలో ప్రతి రాష్ట్రానికి ముందే ఒక వాటా నిర్ణయిస్తారు — నిండిన బిందెలా; మించిన ఖర్చు రాష్ట్రానిదే. ఖర్చు కేంద్రం:రాష్ట్రం 60:40, ఈశాన్య, హిమాలయ రాష్ట్రాలకు 90:10, శాసనసభ లేని కేంద్రపాలిత ప్రాంతాలకు పూర్తిగా కేంద్రం. పనులు నీటి భద్రత, ఊరి మౌలిక వసతులు, జీవనోపాధి వసతులు, తీవ్ర వాతావరణం నుంచి రక్షణ — పంచాయతీ ప్రణాళికల నుంచి. ఎక్కువ రోజులు మంచిదే, కానీ పరిమిత నిధి హక్కును బలహీనం చేస్తుందని విమర్శ. (→ English: normative allocation · हिन्दी: मानक आवंटन)

In exam EnglishThe funding model changes most. Under MGNREGA central funding followed demand: if more people sought work, the Centre had to find more money for wages. Under the new Act the Centre sets a normative allocation for each state in advance, and spending beyond it falls on the state. Costs are shared 60:40 between the Centre and the states, 90:10 for the north-eastern and Himalayan states, and borne fully by the Centre in Union Territories without a legislature, while the ceiling on administrative spending rises from 6 to 9 per cent. Works are grouped under four themes, water security, core rural infrastructure, livelihood infrastructure and works to cope with extreme weather, and come from gram panchayat plans approved by the Gram Sabha and linked to the PM Gati Shakti platform. Supporters point to more days and better planning; critics argue that a capped budget weakens the right to work on demand.
MGNREGA (2005) and the VB-G RAM G Act (2025) compared
FeatureMGNREGA, 2005VB-G RAM G Act, 2025
Guaranteed days per rural household a yearAt least 100125
In force2 February 2006 (200 districts); all rural districts from 20081 July 2026, repealing MGNREGA
Central fundingDemand-driven; Centre paid all unskilled wages and 75% of material costNormative allocation per state; 60:40 (90:10 north-eastern and Himalayan states; 100% Centre in UTs without legislature)
Seasonal pauseNoneUp to 60 days a year in peak sowing and harvesting, notified by states
Wage paymentWeekly or within a fortnightWeekly or within 15 days
PlanningWorks chosen in the Gram Sabha; at least half by cost through gram panchayatsGram panchayat plans approved by the Gram Sabha, linked to PM Gati Shakti

ఇంట్లో నలభై వేర్వేరు డబ్బాల్లో సరుకులు ఉంటే వెతకడం కష్టం; నాలుగు పెద్ద డబ్బాల్లో సర్దితే సులువు. అలాగే 29 పాత కార్మిక చట్టాలను నాలుగు కార్మిక స్మృతులుగా కలిపారు: వేతనాలు (2019), పారిశ్రామిక సంబంధాలు, సామాజిక భద్రత, పని ప్రదేశ భద్రత-ఆరోగ్యం (2020). చట్టాలు 2019-20లోనే వచ్చినా, నాలుగూ కలిసి 2025 నవంబర్ 21 నుంచి అమలులోకి వచ్చాయి. యజమానులకు సులువు, ఎక్కువమంది కార్మికులకు కనీస వేతనం, భద్రత — ఇదీ లక్ష్యం. (→ English: labour codes · हिन्दी: श्रम संहिताएँ)

In exam EnglishLabour is a Concurrent List subject, and over the decades the Centre had passed more than forty labour laws, many older than Independence, with overlapping definitions. Parliament merged 29 of them into four labour codes: the Code on Wages, 2019, the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, the Code on Social Security, 2020 and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020. Though passed in 2019 and 2020, the codes waited for rules from the Centre and the states, and all four came into force together on 21 November 2025. The aim was to make compliance simpler for employers while extending basic protections, such as minimum wages and social security, to many more workers.

వేతన స్మృతిలో నాలుగు పాత చట్టాలు కలిశాయి; ఇప్పుడు ప్రతి ఉద్యోగికీ కనీస వేతనం, దాని కంటే కింద ఏ రాష్ట్రమూ పెట్టకూడని 'నేల వేతనం' కేంద్రం నిర్ణయిస్తుంది — నేల కంటే కిందకు దిగలేనట్టు. పారిశ్రామిక సంబంధాల స్మృతిలో తొలగింపు, మూసివేతకు ప్రభుత్వ అనుమతి కావాల్సిన పరిమితి 100 నుంచి 300 కార్మికులకు. సామాజిక భద్రత స్మృతిలో స్విగ్గీ డెలివరీ అబ్బాయిల్లాంటి గిగ్, ప్లాట్‌ఫారమ్ కార్మికుల కోసం పథకాలు, వాటికి కంపెనీల వాటా. నిర్దిష్ట కాల ఉద్యోగికి ఏడాది తర్వాత గ్రాట్యుటీ. (→ English: floor wage · gig worker · हिन्दी: आधार मज़दूरी · गिग कामगार)

In exam EnglishEach code carries a few points worth knowing. The Code on Wages absorbed four laws, the Payment of Wages Act, 1936, the Minimum Wages Act, 1948, the Payment of Bonus Act, 1965 and the Equal Remuneration Act, 1976; it extends minimum wages to all employees and lets the Centre fix a floor wage below which no state minimum may fall. The Industrial Relations Code raises from 100 to 300 workers the size of establishment that needs government permission before lay-off, retrenchment or closure, and recognises fixed-term employment. The Code on Social Security defines gig and platform workers and lets governments frame schemes for them, funded partly by aggregators at 1 to 2 per cent of annual turnover, capped at 5 per cent of what they pay such workers; fixed-term employees qualify for gratuity after one year.
The four labour codes (in force from 21 November 2025)
CodeYear passedKey points
Code on Wages2019Merges four laws including the Minimum Wages Act, 1948; minimum wages for all employees; central floor wage
Industrial Relations Code2020Permission for lay-off, retrenchment or closure only above 300 workers (earlier 100); fixed-term employment
Code on Social Security2020Gig and platform workers defined; aggregator contribution of 1–2% of turnover, capped at 5% of payments to them; gratuity after one year for fixed-term employees
Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code2020Merges laws on factories, mines, plantations and other workplaces

మన ఊళ్లో డ్వాక్రా సంఘాల్లా — పది ఇరవై మంది మహిళలు కలిసి నెలనెలా పొదుపు చేసి, అవసరమైనవాళ్లకు అప్పిస్తారు; ఇదే స్వయం సహాయక బృందం. ఈ బృందాలను గ్రామ, క్లస్టర్ స్థాయిలో కలిపి బ్యాంకు రుణాలకు జోడిస్తారు — చిన్న అప్పు పాడి, కుట్టుపని, కిరాణా కొట్టుగా ఎదుగుతుంది. ఇదీ 2011 నుంచి గ్రామీణ జీవనోపాధి మిషన్. కొత్తగా చిన్న పరిశ్రమ పెట్టాలంటే బ్యాంకు రుణంపై 15-35 శాతం సబ్సిడీ — PMEGP, ఖాదీ గ్రామోద్యోగ కమిషన్ ద్వారా. (→ English: self-help group · DAY-NRLM · हिन्दी: स्वयं सहायता समूह · डे-एनआरएलएम)

In exam EnglishBesides wage work, the state promotes self-employment. The Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana–National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) of the Ministry of Rural Development began in June 2011 as Aajeevika, in place of the Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana. It organises poor rural women into self-help groups, usually of ten to twenty members, who save together and lend to one another; the groups are federated at village and cluster level and linked to bank credit, so that small loans can grow into livelihoods such as dairy, tailoring or a village shop. An urban mission on similar lines, DAY-NULM, was launched in 2013. The Prime Minister's Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP), formed in 2008 by merging two earlier schemes and run by the Ministry of MSME through the Khadi and Village Industries Commission, gives a subsidy of 15 to 35 per cent on bank loans for setting up new micro enterprises.

కౌశల్ వికాస్ యోజన (2015) చిన్న శిక్షణ కోర్సులకు డబ్బిస్తుంది; ఇప్పటికే పని తెలిసినవాళ్లకు — సొంతంగా నేర్చుకున్న ఎలక్ట్రీషియన్‌లా — సర్టిఫికెట్ కూడా ఇస్తుంది. కొత్త పథకం వికసిత్ భారత్ రోజ్‌గార్ యోజన (2025 ఆగస్టు 15): మొదటిసారి పీఎఫ్‌లో చేరిన ఉద్యోగికి ఒక నెల జీతం (రూ.15,000 వరకు) రెండు విడతల్లో; కొత్తవాళ్లను పనిలో ఉంచిన యజమానికి ఒక్కొక్కరికి నెలకు రూ.3,000 వరకు. ఉద్దేశం — అనధికార పని నుంచి అధికారిక ఉద్యోగాలకు. (→ English: recognition of prior learning · employment-linked incentive · हिन्दी: पूर्व शिक्षा की मान्यता · रोज़गार-संबद्ध प्रोत्साहन)

In exam EnglishSkills and formal hiring are the other levers. The Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), started in 2015 under the Skill India Mission of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship, funds short-term training courses and the recognition of prior learning, which certifies skills people already have. The newest scheme targets formal jobs directly. The employment-linked incentive announced in the Union Budget 2024-25 was launched on 15 August 2025 as the Pradhan Mantri Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana, with an outlay of about Rs 99,446 crore and a target of about 3.5 crore jobs. For jobs created between 1 August 2025 and 31 July 2027, first-time employees registered with the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation receive one month's wage, up to Rs 15,000, in two instalments, and employers receive up to Rs 3,000 a month for each additional worker they keep on.

మొత్తంగా: రెండో భాగంలో చెప్పిన జబ్బులకు ఇక్కడ మందులు. ఊళ్లో పని లేని కాలానికి ఉపాధి హామీ; కొత్త చట్టం హామీ ఉంచి, ఎవరు ఎంత భరించాలో మార్చింది. కార్మిక నియమాలు అసంఘటిత కార్మికులను ఒకే నియమాల కిందకు తెస్తాయి. పొదుపు సంఘాలు, సబ్సిడీ రుణాలు సొంత పనికి; శిక్షణ నైపుణ్య లోటుకు; ప్రోత్సాహకాలు అధికారిక ఉద్యోగాలకు. పేదరికం లెక్క ఎవరు వెనకబడ్డారో చెబుతుంది, ఉపాధి లెక్క వాళ్లకు పని చేరుతోందో లేదో చెబుతుంది. (→ English: employment policy · हिन्दी: रोज़गार नीति)

In exam EnglishThe policies in this part answer the problems set out in Part 2. A guarantee of manual work suits seasonal and disguised unemployment in villages, and the 2025 law keeps that guarantee while changing who pays and how far the Centre commits in advance. The labour codes try to bring the large unorganised workforce under common rules on wages and social security. Self-help groups and PMEGP turn underemployment into self-employment, PMKVY addresses the structural mismatch of skills, and hiring incentives push work into the formal sector. Read with Part 1, the chapter shows two sides of one problem: poverty lines and indices count those left behind, and labour statistics show whether work is reaching them. Poverty falls fastest where people find steady, productive work.

Exam traps

Recap

Practice questions

Q1. With reference to the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005, consider the following statements:
1. If work was not provided within 15 days of an application, an unemployment allowance was payable by the state government.
2. At least one-third of the beneficiaries were to be women.
3. The Act guaranteed 100 days of employment to every adult individual in rural areas.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 2 and 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3
Show answer

Answer: A. 1 and 2 only

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong: the guarantee of at least 100 days was per rural household, not per adult. So '2 and 3 only', '1 and 3 only' and '1, 2 and 3' are wrong.

Q2. Under the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005, social audits of works were to be conducted by

  1. the Comptroller and Auditor General of India
  2. the Gram Sabha
  3. the District Collector
  4. the Ministry of Rural Development
Show answer

Answer: B. the Gram Sabha

Section 17 required the Gram Sabha to conduct regular social audits of all works in the gram panchayat. The CAG audits government accounts but is not the social audit body; the District Collector and the Ministry administer and monitor the programme but do not conduct the social audit.

Q3. Consider the following statements about the Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) Act, 2025:
1. It guarantees 125 days of wage employment per rural household in a financial year.
2. It came into force on the day the President gave assent, 21 December 2025.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer

Answer: A. 1 only

Statement 1 is correct. Statement 2 is wrong: assent was given on 21 December 2025, but the Act came into force, and MGNREGA was repealed, from 1 July 2026 by notification. So '2 only', 'Both' and 'Neither' are wrong.

Q4. Under the VB-G RAM G Act, 2025, the Centre-state sharing of costs for the north-eastern and Himalayan states is

  1. 60:40
  2. 75:25
  3. 90:10
  4. 100:0
Show answer

Answer: C. 90:10

The north-eastern and Himalayan states share costs 90:10. 60:40 is the ratio for other states; 100:0 applies to Union Territories without a legislature; 75:25 was the Centre's share of material cost under MGNREGA, not a ratio under the new Act.

Q5. Which one of the following labour codes was passed by Parliament in 2019, a year earlier than the other three?

  1. The Code on Wages
  2. The Industrial Relations Code
  3. The Code on Social Security
  4. The Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code
Show answer

Answer: A. The Code on Wages

The Code on Wages is of 2019. The Industrial Relations Code, the Code on Social Security and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code were all passed in 2020, so those three options are wrong. All four came into force on 21 November 2025.

Q6. Consider the following statements about the labour codes in force from 21 November 2025:
1. The Industrial Relations Code requires prior government permission for lay-off, retrenchment or closure only in establishments with 300 or more workers.
2. The Code on Social Security provides for contributions from aggregators towards schemes for gig and platform workers.
3. The Code on Wages allows each state to fix minimum wages below the floor wage set by the Centre.
Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 2 and 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3
Show answer

Answer: A. 1 and 2 only

Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is wrong: no state minimum wage may be fixed below the floor wage set by the Centre. So '2 and 3 only', '1 and 3 only' and '1, 2 and 3' are wrong.

Q7. Match the following schemes with the ministry or body that runs them:
A. DAY-NRLM B. PMEGP C. PMKVY D. PM Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana
1. Ministry of MSME through the Khadi and Village Industries Commission
2. Ministry of Rural Development
3. Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship
4. Benefits paid to workers registered with the Employees' Provident Fund Organisation
Select the correct code:

  1. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
  2. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
  3. A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
  4. A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
Show answer

Answer: A. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4

DAY-NRLM is under the Ministry of Rural Development (2), PMEGP is run by the Ministry of MSME through KVIC (1), PMKVY is under the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (3), and the PM Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana pays benefits linked to EPFO registration (4). The second code swaps DAY-NRLM and PMEGP; the third swaps PMEGP and PMKVY; the fourth swaps DAY-NRLM and PMKVY.

Q8. With reference to the Pradhan Mantri Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana, consider the following statements:
1. It gives first-time employees registered with the EPFO one month's wage, up to Rs 15,000, in two instalments.
2. It covers jobs created between 1 August 2025 and 31 July 2027.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer

Answer: C. Both 1 and 2

Both statements are correct: the employee part pays one month's wage up to Rs 15,000 in two instalments, and the scheme covers jobs created from 1 August 2025 to 31 July 2027. So '1 only', '2 only' and 'Neither' are wrong.

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Sources