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English · हिन्दी · తెలుగు · தமிழ் · മലയാളം · मराठी · ಕನ್ನಡ

Agriculture of India

Agriculture of India for UPSC Prelims and Mains, taught in 4 parts. Each part has tables, exam traps, a recap and practice questions, and every paragraph is explained in Tamil.

Quick recap: Quick recap: agriculture of India on one page

All four parts condensed for quick revision: land use, farming types, seasons and zones; food crops; commercial and plantation crops, horticulture and livestock; and irrigation, the Green Revolution and new directions.

Parts of this chapter

Part 1

Land use, types of farming, cropping seasons and agro-climatic zones

What decides what is grown where; the nine-fold land-use classification; net sown area and cropping intensity; shifting, subsistence, commercial, plantation, mixed, dryland and wetland farming; the kharif, rabi and zaid seasons and regional rice seasons; cropping patterns; the size of farm holdings; and the agro-climatic and agro-ecological zones used in planning.
Part 2

Food crops: rice, wheat, millets, pulses and oilseeds

The growing conditions, seasons and main states of rice, wheat, maize, the millets, pulses and oilseeds; rice in the north-west and the groundwater problem; terminal heat in wheat; nutri-cereals and the International Year of Millets 2023; nitrogen fixation by pulses; edible-oil imports and the oilseed missions; and the long-run trend in foodgrain production.
Part 3

Commercial and plantation crops, horticulture and livestock

Sugarcane and its two belts; cotton, Bt cotton and jute; tea, coffee and rubber as plantation crops; spices and horticulture; livestock, Operation Flood and the White Revolution; inland and marine fisheries and the Blue Revolution.
Part 4

Irrigation, the Green Revolution and new directions

Canals, wells and tube wells, and tanks, and where each dominates; groundwater stress and the CGWB categories; drip, sprinklers and PMKSY; the Green Revolution, its package, its gains and its costs; dryland farming and watershed development; organic and natural farming.

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