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Geomorphology: plates, earthquakes, volcanoes and landforms

Geomorphology: plates, earthquakes, volcanoes and landforms for UPSC Prelims and Mains, taught in 4 parts. Each part has tables, exam traps, a recap and practice questions, and every paragraph is explained in Marathi.

Quick recap: Quick recap: geomorphology on one page

All four parts condensed for quick revision: drift, sea-floor spreading and plate tectonics, earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanoes, weathering, mass movement and rivers, and the landforms of glaciers, wind, groundwater and waves, with a one-table overview and eight mixed questions.

Parts of this chapter

Part 1

Continental drift, sea-floor spreading and plate tectonics

Endogenic and exogenic forces, Wegener's continental drift and its evidence, Holmes and convection currents, the mapping of the ocean floor, Hess and sea-floor spreading, palaeomagnetism, the major and minor plates, the three kinds of plate boundary, and India's journey to the Himalaya. Part 2

Earthquakes, tsunamis and volcanoes

How earthquakes are caused, classified and measured, their effects, tsunamis and India's warning centre, the world's earthquake belts and India's seismic zones, how volcanoes work, the types of volcano and lava, intrusive igneous landforms, and India's volcanoes and hot springs. Part 3

Weathering, mass movement and the work of rivers

Physical, chemical and biological weathering, mass movement and India's landslide regions, how rivers erode, transport and deposit, the stages of a river, and the valleys, gorges, waterfalls, meanders, ox-bow lakes, floodplains, levees, alluvial fans, deltas and estuaries they create. Part 4

Glaciers, wind, groundwater and waves

How glaciers carve cirques, arêtes, horns, U-shaped and hanging valleys and fjords and leave moraines, drumlins, eskers and outwash plains; how wind shapes deserts and builds barchans, seif dunes and loess; karst landforms and cave deposits in limestone; and the cliffs, arches, stacks, spits, bars, lagoons and emergent and submergent coasts made by waves.

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