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Quick recap: Civil Disobedience and the Round Table Conferences on one page

ಕನ್ನಡದಲ್ಲಿ ವಿವರಣೆ

Civil Disobedience and the Round Table Conferences, 1922–1934 · Quick recap · Fact-checked on 8 November 2026 · how we check

Written with AI from the sources listed at the bottom of this page, then fact-checked by a separate AI.

All three parts of the chapter condensed for quick revision: the Swarajists and No-changers, the Simon Commission and the Nehru Report, Bardoli and the Lahore session, the eleven demands and the Dandi March, the spread and repression of the salt satyagraha, the Gandhi-Irwin Pact and Karachi, the three Round Table Conferences, the Communal Award and the Poona Pact, and the end of the movement in 1934.

Each idea is explained first in Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ), ending with the English and Hindi exam terms, followed by the same point in exam English. UPSC Prelims is in English or Hindi, so understand it in Kannada and revise it in English.

ಈ ಅಧ್ಯಾಯ 1922ರಲ್ಲಿ ಅಸಹಕಾರ ಮುಗಿದಾಗಿನಿಂದ 1934ರಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾನೂನು ಭಂಗ ಚಳವಳಿ ಮುಗಿಯುವವರೆಗಿನ ಹನ್ನೆರಡು ವರ್ಷಗಳನ್ನು ತೋರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. ಮೊದಲ ಭಾಗ: ಜನಹೋರಾಟವಿಲ್ಲದೆ ಕಾಂಗ್ರೆಸ್ ಹೇಗೆ ಉಳಿದು ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 1929ರ ಹೊತ್ತಿಗೆ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಸ್ವರಾಜ್ಯದ ಬೇಡಿಕೆಗೆ ತಲುಪಿತು. ಎರಡನೇ ಭಾಗ: ಉಪ್ಪಿನ ಸತ್ಯಾಗ್ರಹ, 1931ರ ಸಂಧಿ. ಮೂರನೇ ಭಾಗ: ದುಂಡುಮೇಜಿನ ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನಗಳು, ಶೋಷಿತ ವರ್ಗಗಳ ಮತದಾರ ವಿವಾದ, ಚಳವಳಿಯ ಅಂತ್ಯ. ರೈತ ಉಳುಮೆ, ಬಿತ್ತನೆ, ಕೊಯ್ಲು ಮೂರನ್ನೂ ಕಲಿಯುವಂತೆ ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಚಳವಳಿ ಹೋರಾಟ, ಮಾತುಕತೆ, ರಚನಾತ್ಮಕ ಕೆಲಸ ಸೇರಿಸಲು ಕಲಿಯಿತು. (→ English: Civil Disobedience Movement, Purna Swaraj · हिन्दी: सविनय अवज्ञा आंदोलन, पूर्ण स्वराज)

In exam EnglishThis chapter covers the twelve years between the end of Non-Cooperation in 1922 and the end of the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1934. Part 1 showed how the Congress kept itself alive without a mass struggle and arrived, by December 1929, at the demand for Purna Swaraj. Part 2 covered the salt satyagraha and the truce of 1931. Part 3 covered the Round Table Conferences, the quarrel over electorates for the depressed classes and the end of the movement. The thread joining them is a national movement learning to combine mass struggle, negotiation and constructive work.

Civil Disobedience and the Round Tables at a glance
Event	Date	Key fact
Swaraj Party formed	1 January 1923	C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru; council entry
Simon Commission appointed	November 1927	All seven members British; boycotted
Nehru Report	1928	Dominion status, joint electorates, fundamental rights
Bardoli satyagraha	1928	Vallabhbhai Patel; title 'Sardar'
Lahore session	December 1929	Jawaharlal Nehru; Purna Swaraj
Dandi March	12 March–6 April 1930	Sabarmati to Dandi; salt law broken
First Round Table Conference	November 1930–January 1931	Congress absent
Gandhi-Irwin Pact	5 March 1931	Movement suspended; Congress to attend next conference
Karachi session	March 1931	Patel; Fundamental Rights and economic programme
Second Round Table Conference	September–December 1931	Gandhi sole Congress representative; failed
Communal Award	16 August 1932	Ramsay MacDonald; separate electorates for depressed classes
Poona Pact	24 September 1932	Reserved seats in joint electorates, 71 raised to 148
Withdrawal	April 1934	Civil disobedience ends; Congress Socialist Party formed

ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 1922ರ ಗಯಾ ಅಧಿವೇಶನ ಶಾಸನ ಸಭೆ ಪ್ರವೇಶವನ್ನು ತಿರಸ್ಕರಿಸಿದ ನಂತರ ಸಿ. ಆರ್. ದಾಸ್ ಮತ್ತು ಮೋತಿಲಾಲ್ ನೆಹರು 1 ಜನವರಿ 1923ರಂದು ಸ್ವರಾಜ್ ಪಕ್ಷ ಕಟ್ಟಿದರು; 1923ರ ದೆಹಲಿ ವಿಶೇಷ ಅಧಿವೇಶನ ಸ್ಪರ್ಧೆಗೆ ಅನುಮತಿಸಿತು; 1925ರಲ್ಲಿ ವಿಠ್ಠಲಭಾಯಿ ಪಟೇಲ್ ಕೇಂದ್ರ ಶಾಸನ ಸಭೆಯ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷರಾದರು. ಬದಲಾವಣೆ ಬೇಡ ಎಂದವರು ಖಾದಿ, ರಾಷ್ಟ್ರೀಯ ಶಾಲೆಗಳು, ಶೋಷಿತರ ನಡುವೆ ಕೆಲಸ ಮಾಡಿದರು, 1924–25ರ ವೈಕಂ ಸತ್ಯಾಗ್ರಹ ನಡೆಸಿದರು. ನವೆಂಬರ್ 1927ರಲ್ಲಿ ನೇಮಿಸಿದ, ಎಲ್ಲರೂ ಬ್ರಿಟಿಷ್ ಸದಸ್ಯರೇ ಇದ್ದ ಸೈಮನ್ ಆಯೋಗವನ್ನು ಫೆಬ್ರವರಿ 1928ರಿಂದ 'ಸೈಮನ್ ಹಿಂದಿರುಗಿ' ಎಂದು ಎದುರಿಸಲಾಯಿತು; ಲಾಹೋರ್ ಲಾಠಿ ಪ್ರಹಾರದ ನಂತರ ಲಜಪತ್ ರಾಯ್ ನಿಧನರಾದರು. ಉತ್ತರವಾಗಿ 1928ರ ನೆಹರು ವರದಿ ಬಂತು; ಜಿನ್ನಾ ತಿದ್ದುಪಡಿಗಳು ಮತ್ತು ಹದಿನಾಲ್ಕು ಅಂಶಗಳು ಅದನ್ನು ಪ್ರಶ್ನಿಸಿದವು. 1928ರ ಬಾರ್ಡೋಲಿ ಸತ್ಯಾಗ್ರಹ ಪಟೇಲ್ ನೇತೃತ್ವದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಂದಾಯ ಹೋರಾಟ ಗೆದ್ದಿತು. (→ English: Swaraj Party, Simon Commission · हिन्दी: स्वराज पार्टी, साइमन कमीशन)

In exam EnglishAfter Gaya rejected council entry in December 1922, C. R. Das and Motilal Nehru formed the Swaraj Party on 1 January 1923; the Delhi special session of 1923 let Congressmen contest, and Vithalbhai Patel became President of the Central Legislative Assembly in 1925. The No-changers built khadi, national schools and work among the depressed classes, and led the Vaikom satyagraha of 1924–25. The all-British Simon Commission, appointed in November 1927, was met with 'Simon go back' from February 1928, and Lajpat Rai died after a lathi charge at Lahore. Indians answered with the Nehru Report of 1928 (dominion status, joint electorates, fundamental rights), which Jinnah's amendments and Fourteen Points challenged. Patel's Bardoli satyagraha of 1928 won its revenue fight.

31 ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ 1929ರ ಇರ್ವಿನ್ ಘೋಷಣೆ ಡೊಮಿನಿಯನ್ ಸ್ಥಾನಮಾನವನ್ನು ಭಾರತದ ಪ್ರಗತಿಯ ಸಹಜ ಗುರಿ ಎಂದು ಹೇಳಿ ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನದ ಭರವಸೆ ನೀಡಿತು, ಆದರೆ ದಿನಾಂಕ, ಖಾತರಿ ಕೊಡಲಿಲ್ಲ; ಹಾಗಾಗಿ ಕಾಂಗ್ರೆಸ್ ಕಾಯಲಿಲ್ಲ. ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 1929ರಲ್ಲಿ ಲಾಹೋರ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಜವಾಹರಲಾಲ್ ನೆಹರು ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಪೂರ್ಣ ಸ್ವರಾಜ್ಯ ಗುರಿಯಾಗಿ ಘೋಷಿಸಿ, ಕಾನೂನು ಭಂಗಕ್ಕೆ ಅನುಮತಿ ನೀಡಿ, ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 31ರಂದು ರಾವಿ ದಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಧ್ವಜ ಹಾರಿಸಿತು; 26 ಜನವರಿ 1930 ಸ್ವಾತಂತ್ರ್ಯ ದಿನವಾಗಿ ಆಚರಿಸಲಾಯಿತು. 'ಬರುತ್ತೇನೆ' ಎಂದು ದಿನಾಂಕ ಹೇಳದ ಅತಿಥಿಗಾಗಿ ಎಷ್ಟು ದಿನ ಕಾಯುವುದು? ನಂತರ ಗಾಂಧಿ ಇರ್ವಿನ್‌ಗೆ ಹನ್ನೊಂದು ಬೇಡಿಕೆ ಕಳುಹಿಸಿ, ಒಪ್ಪದಾಗ ಪ್ರತಿ ಮನೆಯ ಅಗತ್ಯವಾದ ಉಪ್ಪನ್ನು ಆರಿಸಿದರು. ದಂಡಿ ಯಾತ್ರೆ 12 ಮಾರ್ಚ್ 1930ರಂದು ಸಾಬರಮತಿಯಿಂದ ಹೊರಟು, ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ 6ರಂದು ದಂಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಉಪ್ಪಿನ ಕಾನೂನು ಮುರಿಯುವುದರೊಂದಿಗೆ ಮುಗಿಯಿತು. (→ English: Purna Swaraj, Dandi March · हिन्दी: पूर्ण स्वराज, दांडी यात्रा)

In exam EnglishIrwin's declaration of 31 October 1929 called dominion status the natural goal of India's progress and promised a conference, but it fixed no date and gave no assurance, so the Congress refused to wait. At Lahore in December 1929, under Jawaharlal Nehru, it made Purna Swaraj its goal, authorised civil disobedience and unfurled the flag on the Ravi on 31 December; 26 January 1930 was observed as Independence Day. Gandhi then sent Irwin eleven demands, and when they were not met chose salt, a necessity taxed in every household. The Dandi March left Sabarmati on 12 March 1930, and Gandhi broke the salt law at Dandi on 6 April.

ಚಳವಳಿ ವೇಗವಾಗಿ ಹರಡಿತು: ವೇದಾರಣ್ಯಂನಲ್ಲಿ ರಾಜಗೋಪಾಲಾಚಾರಿ, ಪಯ್ಯನ್ನೂರಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಕೇಳಪ್ಪನ್, ಧರಾಸನಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಸರೋಜಿನಿ ನಾಯ್ಡು, ಗಡಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಖಾನ್ ಅಬ್ದುಲ್ ಗಫಾರ್ ಖಾನ್ ಅವರ ಖುದಾಯಿ ಖಿದ್ಮತ್ಗಾರ್ — ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಪೇಶಾವರದಲ್ಲಿ ಗಢವಾಲಿ ಸೈನಿಕರು ಗುಂಡು ಹಾರಿಸಲು ನಿರಾಕರಿಸಿದರು — ಸೊಲ್ಲಾಪುರದ ಕಾರ್ಮಿಕರು, ನಾಗಾ ಬೆಟ್ಟಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ರಾಣಿ ಗೈಡಿನ್ಲ್ಯು. ರೈತರು ಕಂದಾಯ, ಚೌಕಿದಾರಿ ತೆರಿಗೆ ಕಟ್ಟಲಿಲ್ಲ, ಅರಣ್ಯ ಕಾನೂನು ಮುರಿದರು, ಮಹಿಳೆಯರು ಮದ್ಯ, ವಿದೇಶಿ ಬಟ್ಟೆ ಅಂಗಡಿಗಳ ಮುಂದೆ ಪಿಕೆಟಿಂಗ್ ಮಾಡಿದರು. ಸರ್ಕಾರ ಸುಗ್ರೀವಾಜ್ಞೆ, ಬಂಧನಗಳಿಂದ ಉತ್ತರಿಸಿತು; ಮೊದಲ ದುಂಡುಮೇಜಿನ ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನ ಕಾಂಗ್ರೆಸ್ ಇಲ್ಲದೆ ನಡೆಯಿತು. 5 ಮಾರ್ಚ್ 1931ರ ಗಾಂಧಿ-ಇರ್ವಿನ್ ಒಪ್ಪಂದ ಅಹಿಂಸಾ ಕೈದಿಗಳನ್ನು ಬಿಡುಗಡೆ ಮಾಡಿ, ಸ್ವಂತ ಬಳಕೆಗೆ ಉಪ್ಪು ತಯಾರಿಸಲು ಅನುಮತಿಸಿತು; ಕಾಂಗ್ರೆಸ್ ಚಳವಳಿ ನಿಲ್ಲಿಸಿತು. ಕರಾಚಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಪಟೇಲ್ ಅಧ್ಯಕ್ಷತೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಮೂಲಭೂತ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳ ನಿರ್ಣಯ ಬಂತು. (→ English: Khudai Khidmatgar, Gandhi-Irwin Pact · हिन्दी: ख़ुदाई ख़िदमतगार, गांधी-इरविन समझौता)

In exam EnglishThe movement spread fast: Rajagopalachari at Vedaranyam, Kelappan at Payyanur, Sarojini Naidu at Dharasana, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan's Khudai Khidmatgar in the Frontier, where Garhwali soldiers refused to fire at Peshawar, the workers of Sholapur and Rani Gaidinliu in the Naga hills. Peasants refused revenue and chowkidari tax, forest laws were defied, and women picketed liquor and foreign-cloth shops. The government replied with ordinances and mass arrests, and the first Round Table Conference (November 1930–January 1931) met without the Congress. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 5 March 1931 freed non-violent prisoners and allowed salt-making for own use; the Congress suspended the movement. The Karachi session under Patel endorsed the pact and adopted the Fundamental Rights resolution.

ಎರಡನೇ ದುಂಡುಮೇಜಿನ ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನದಲ್ಲಿ (ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್–ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 1931) ಗಾಂಧಿ ಕಾಂಗ್ರೆಸ್‌ನ ಏಕೈಕ ಪ್ರತಿನಿಧಿ, ಆದರೆ ಅಲ್ಪಸಂಖ್ಯಾತರ ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕ ಮತದಾರ ಬೇಡಿಕೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನ ಮುರಿಯಿತು. ಮರಳಿದ ಕೂಡಲೇ 4 ಜನವರಿ 1932ರಂದು ಬಂಧನ, ವಿಲ್ಲಿಂಗ್ಡನ್ ಕಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಸುಗ್ರೀವಾಜ್ಞೆಗಳಿಂದ ಚಳವಳಿ ದಮನ. 16 ಆಗಸ್ಟ್ 1932ರ ಕೋಮು ತೀರ್ಪು ಶೋಷಿತ ವರ್ಗಗಳಿಗೂ ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕ ಮತದಾರ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಕೊಟ್ಟಿತು. ಗಾಂಧಿ ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 20ರಿಂದ ಯರವಾಡದಲ್ಲಿ ಉಪವಾಸ; 24 ಸೆಪ್ಟೆಂಬರ್ 1932ರ ಪೂನಾ ಒಪ್ಪಂದ ಅದರ ಬದಲು ಜಂಟಿ ಮತದಾರ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯೊಳಗೇ ಮೀಸಲು ಸ್ಥಾನ ಕೊಟ್ಟಿತು — ಪ್ರಾಂತಗಳಲ್ಲಿ 71ರ ಬದಲು 148. ಒಂದೇ ಮನೆಯಲ್ಲಿದ್ದುಕೊಂಡೇ ಪ್ರತಿಯೊಬ್ಬರಿಗೂ ಕೋಣೆ ಕೊಟ್ಟಂತೆ. ನಂತರ ಗಾಂಧಿ ಹರಿಜನ ಕಾರ್ಯದತ್ತ ತಿರುಗಿದರು. ಮೂರನೇ ಸಮ್ಮೇಳನ (ನವೆಂಬರ್–ಡಿಸೆಂಬರ್ 1932) ಮತ್ತು 1933ರ ಶ್ವೇತಪತ್ರ 1935ರ ಕಾಯ್ದೆಗೆ ದಾರಿ ಮಾಡಿದವು. ಏಪ್ರಿಲ್ 1934ರಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾನೂನು ಭಂಗ ಹಿಂತೆಗೆತ. (→ English: Round Table Conference, Communal Award, Poona Pact · हिन्दी: गोलमेज़ सम्मेलन, सांप्रदायिक पंचाट, पूना समझौता)

In exam EnglishAt the second Round Table Conference (September–December 1931) Gandhi was the Congress's sole representative, but the conference broke down over the minorities' demand for separate electorates. Back home, he was arrested on 4 January 1932 and the movement was crushed by ordinance under Willingdon. The Communal Award of 16 August 1932 gave separate electorates to the depressed classes too. Gandhi fasted in Yerawada from 20 September, and the Poona Pact of 24 September 1932 replaced them with seats reserved within joint electorates, 148 instead of 71 in the provinces. Gandhi then turned to the Harijan campaign. The third conference (November–December 1932) and the White Paper of 1933 led towards the 1935 Act. Civil disobedience was withdrawn in April 1934.

ಒಟ್ಟಾರೆ ಈ ಕಾಲ ಮೂರು ಶಾಶ್ವತ ಫಲಿತಾಂಶ ಕೊಟ್ಟಿತು. ಅಸಹಕಾರ ತಲುಪದ ಮಟ್ಟದಲ್ಲಿ ಜನರಾಜಕೀಯ ಮಹಿಳೆಯರು, ರೈತರು, ವ್ಯಾಪಾರಿಗಳು, ಗಡಿನಾಡಿನವರೆಗೆ ತಲುಪಿತು; ಬ್ರಿಟನ್ ಕಾಂಗ್ರೆಸ್ ಜೊತೆ ಚೌಕಾಸಿ ಮಾಡಬೇಕಾಯಿತು. ನೆಹರು ವರದಿಯಿಂದ ಕರಾಚಿ ಹಕ್ಕುಗಳ ನಿರ್ಣಯದವರೆಗೆ ಭಾರತೀಯರು ತಮ್ಮ ಸಾಂವಿಧಾನಿಕ ಆಲೋಚನೆಗಳನ್ನು ತಾವೇ ಬರೆದರು. ದುಂಡುಮೇಜಿನಲ್ಲಿ ಬಗೆಹರಿಯದ ಅಲ್ಪಸಂಖ್ಯಾತರು, ಶೋಷಿತರ ಪ್ರಾತಿನಿಧ್ಯದ ಪ್ರಶ್ನೆ ಪೂನಾದಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾಗಶಃ ಬಗೆಹರಿಯಿತು; ಅದು ಇಂದಿನ ಸಂವಿಧಾನದ ಅನುಚ್ಛೇದ 330, 332ರ ಮೀಸಲು ಸ್ಥಾನಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಜೀವಂತವಾಗಿದೆ. ಹಳೆಯ ಮನೆಯ ಅಡಿಪಾಯದ ಮೇಲೆ ಹೊಸ ಮನೆ ಕಟ್ಟಿದಂತೆ, 1935ರ ಕಾಯ್ದೆ ಈ ಕಾಲದ ಮೇಲೆ ಹೇಗೆ ಕಟ್ಟಲಾಯಿತು ಎಂದು ಮುಂದಿನ ಅಧ್ಯಾಯ ತೋರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ. (→ English: Constitution · हिन्दी: संविधान)

In exam EnglishTaken together, the period left three lasting results. Mass politics now reached women, peasants, merchants and the Frontier on a scale Non-Cooperation had not, and Britain had to bargain with the Congress. Indians drafted their own constitutional ideas, from the Nehru Report to the Karachi resolution on rights. And the question of how minorities and the depressed classes should be represented, left open at the Round Tables, was partly settled at Poona and lives on in the reserved seats of Articles 330 and 332 of the Constitution. The next chapter, on constitutional development, shows how the Government of India Act, 1935 built on this period.

Exam traps

Belgaum (1924) is the only Congress session presided over by Gandhi; Lahore (1929) was Jawaharlal Nehru, Karachi (1931) was Vallabhbhai Patel.
The Nehru Report (1928) asked for dominion status and joint electorates, not complete independence.
The Bardoli satyagraha of 1928 (Patel, against a revenue increase) is different from the Bardoli resolution of 1922 that withdrew Non-Cooperation.
The Dandi March began on 12 March 1930; the salt law was broken on 6 April 1930.
Vedaranyam = Rajagopalachari; Payyanur = Kelappan; Dharasana = Sarojini Naidu; Khudai Khidmatgars = Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan.
The Congress attended only the second Round Table Conference; Ambedkar attended all three.
The Gandhi-Irwin Pact did not secure an inquiry into police excesses or save Bhagat Singh; salt could be made for own use only.
The Communal Award gave the depressed classes separate electorates; the Poona Pact replaced them with reserved seats in joint electorates.

Recap

Gaya 1922 rejects council entry; Swaraj Party 1 January 1923; Vithalbhai Patel Assembly President 1925.
No-changers: khadi, national schools, Vaikom satyagraha 1924–25.
Simon Commission (November 1927, all British) boycotted; Lajpat Rai's death 1928.
Nehru Report 1928 vs Jinnah's Fourteen Points 1929; Bardoli satyagraha 1928.
Irwin declaration 31 October 1929; Lahore 1929: Purna Swaraj; 26 January 1930 Independence Day.
Eleven demands; Dandi March 12 March–6 April 1930; spread from Vedaranyam to Peshawar and the Naga hills.
First Round Table Conference without the Congress; Gandhi-Irwin Pact 5 March 1931; Karachi resolution on Fundamental Rights.
Second Round Table Conference fails on minorities; movement resumed and crushed, January 1932 onwards.
Communal Award 16 August 1932; Yerawada fast; Poona Pact 24 September 1932; Harijan Sevak Sangh and Harijan.
Third Round Table Conference; White Paper 1933; withdrawal April 1934; Congress Socialist Party 1934.

Practice questions

Q1. Consider the following statements:
1. The Swaraj Party was formed after the Gaya session of the Congress rejected council entry.
2. The Nehru Report of 1928 demanded complete independence for India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Show answer

Answer: A. 1 only

(a) is correct: Das and Motilal Nehru formed the party on 1 January 1923 after Gaya. Statement 2 is false: the Nehru Report asked for dominion status, so (b) and (c) are wrong. (d) is wrong because statement 1 is true.

Q2. Which one of the following is correctly matched?

Bardoli satyagraha, 1928 : C. Rajagopalachari
Lahore session, 1929 : Vallabhbhai Patel
Vaikom satyagraha : Travancore
Karachi session, 1931 : Jawaharlal Nehru

Show answer

Answer: C. Vaikom satyagraha : Travancore

(c) is correct: Vaikom was in the princely state of Travancore. (a) is wrong: Bardoli was led by Vallabhbhai Patel. (b) is wrong: Jawaharlal Nehru presided at Lahore. (d) is wrong: Patel presided at Karachi.

Q3. The Indian Statutory Commission (Simon Commission) was boycotted mainly because:

it recommended the partition of Bengal
it had no Indian member
it proposed to abolish the provincial legislatures
it was headed by the Viceroy

Show answer

Answer: B. it had no Indian member

(b) is correct: all seven members were British, which Indians saw as an insult. (a) is wrong: the partition of Bengal was in 1905. (c) is wrong: its report proposed responsible government in the provinces, not their abolition. (d) is wrong: it was headed by Sir John Simon, not the Viceroy.

Q4. Arrange the following events in chronological order:
1. The Lahore session's Purna Swaraj resolution
2. The Dandi March
3. The Irwin declaration on dominion status
4. The Gandhi-Irwin Pact
Select the correct answer using the code given below:

3-1-2-4
1-3-2-4
3-2-1-4
3-1-4-2

Show answer

Answer: A. 3-1-2-4

(a) is correct: Irwin declaration (31 October 1929), Lahore (December 1929), Dandi (March–April 1930), pact (5 March 1931). (b) is wrong because the declaration came before Lahore. (c) is wrong because Lahore came before Dandi. (d) is wrong because the pact came after the Dandi March.

Q5. With reference to the Civil Disobedience Movement, consider the following pairs:
1. Vedaranyam : C. Rajagopalachari
2. Dharasana : Sarojini Naidu
3. Payyanur : Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3

Show answer

Answer: B. 1 and 2 only

(b) is correct: Rajagopalachari led the Vedaranyam march and Sarojini Naidu the Dharasana raid. Pair 3 is wrong: Payyanur was K. Kelappan's march in Malabar, while Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan led the movement in the Frontier. So (a) misses pair 2, and (c) and (d) wrongly include pair 3.

Q6. Which one of the following was a provision of the Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931?

Commutation of the death sentence on Bhagat Singh
Making of salt for own use by people in coastal villages
Immediate grant of dominion status
A public inquiry into police excesses

Show answer

Answer: B. Making of salt for own use by people in coastal villages

(b) is correct: salt could be made for own use, not for sale. (a) is wrong: Bhagat Singh was hanged on 23 March 1931. (c) is wrong: the pact did not grant dominion status. (d) is wrong: the government refused an inquiry into police excesses.

Q7. Consider the following statements:
1. The Indian National Congress attended all three Round Table Conferences.
2. B. R. Ambedkar attended all three Round Table Conferences.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2

Show answer

Answer: B. 2 only

(b) is correct: Ambedkar attended all three sessions. Statement 1 is false: the Congress attended only the second, so (a) and (c) are wrong. (d) is wrong because statement 2 is true.

Q8. The Poona Pact of 1932 is associated with which one of the following?

Separate electorates for Muslims
Reserved seats for the depressed classes within joint electorates
The merger of the princely states
The end of dyarchy in the provinces

Show answer

Answer: B. Reserved seats for the depressed classes within joint electorates

(b) is correct: the pact replaced the Award's separate electorates for the depressed classes with reserved seats in joint electorates. (a) is wrong: Muslim separate electorates were not its subject and continued. (c) is wrong: the merger of princely states came after 1947. (d) is wrong: dyarchy in the provinces ended under the Government of India Act, 1935.

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Sources

Records of the Home Department (Political) on the national movement, 1922–1934, with the reports of the Congress sessions of the period; National Archives of India, Abhilekh Patal — https://www.abhilekh-patal.in
Report of the Indian Statutory Commission (Simon Commission), 1930, and the Report of the All Parties Conference (the Nehru Report), 1928; National Archives of India — https://www.abhilekh-patal.in
Indian Round Table Conference, Proceedings of the three sessions, 1930–1932; the Communal Decision of 16 August 1932 and the text of the Poona Pact of 24 September 1932; National Archives of India — https://www.abhilekh-patal.in
Text of the settlement between Mahatma Gandhi and the Government of India (Delhi, 5 March 1931) and the resolutions of the Karachi session of the Indian National Congress, March 1931; National Archives of India, Abhilekh Patal — https://www.abhilekh-patal.in
Constitution of India, Articles 330 and 332 — https://legislative.gov.in/constitution-of-india/