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Climate of India

Climate of India for UPSC Prelims and Mains, taught in 3 parts. Each part has tables, exam traps, a recap and practice questions, and every paragraph is explained in Kannada.

Quick recap: Quick recap: the climate of India on one page

All three parts condensed for quick revision: how the monsoon works; the four seasons, local storms and cyclones; and rainfall, its variability, climatic regions and IMD's forecasts.

Parts of this chapter

Part 1

How the monsoon works

The factors that shape India's climate; the winter and summer patterns of pressure and winds; the ITCZ and monsoon trough, the jet streams and Tibet; the old thermal theory and the modern view; onset, breaks, El Niño and the Indian Ocean Dipole; and withdrawal. Part 2

The seasons

The four seasons of India: the cold-weather season and western disturbances; the hot-weather season with the loo, dust storms, kalbaisakhi, mango and blossom showers; the south-west monsoon and its Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal branches; the retreating monsoon, October heat and the north-east monsoon; and tropical cyclones. Part 3

Rainfall, variability and forecasting

Where rain falls in India and why; the coefficient of variation; droughts and floods; IMD's definitions of heat waves, cold waves and cloudbursts; Köppen's climatic regions of India; the monsoon as a unifying influence; and how IMD forecasts the monsoon against the long period average.

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